Causes and risk factors
The cause of exotropia is not entirely clear. It runs in families. It may be congenital or acquired. Dysfunction of any of the eye muscles can lead to exotropia. Children with hydrocephalus, brain tumors, and cerebral palsy are at a higher risk of developing exotropia.
Clinical presentation
The affected eye shows an outward deviation, initially intermittent and later constant. The outward deviation gradually worsens, eventually leading to formation of a squint.
Diplopia is a common symptom of exotropia. Amblyopia may develop in the good eye.
Investigations
Exotropia is diagnosed on the basis of a thorough examination of the eyes.
Treatment
Prescription glasses and prisms help to improve the vision. Patching the preferred eye is also useful. Eye exercises are known to improve the vision. However, most patients with exotropia need surgical intervention.
Complications
Exotropia is associated with a higher risk of developing psychiatric disorders. Surgical correction of esotropia can lead to another form of exotropia, known as consecutive exotropia.
When to contact a doctor
Contact a doctor as soon as you experience an outward deviation of the eyes.
Systems involved
Ophthalmology.
Organs involved
Eyes
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