Causative & risk factors
The exact cause of ganglion cyst development is not yet clear. They are more common in females. History of osteoarthritis of the fingers or injury to the joint/tendon predisposes to ganglion cyst formation.
Clinical presentation
A ganglion cyst usually presents as a lump at the back of the wrist joint. The size can vary from a small lump to as large as a golf ball. A ganglion cyst is round or oval in shape. It is well encapsulated. It is usually soft and smooth in consistency because of the thick fluid inside.
Ganglion cysts can increase in size when located at a part which is frequently stressed such as a wrist. It can also reduce in size or disappear completely. Recurrence is likely after a ganglion cyst disappears.
By themselves, ganglion cysts are painless. However, if a cyst presses upon an underlying nerve, it can give rise to aching pain, weakness, tingling, and numbness.
Investigations
Ganglion cysts can be diagnosed on the basis of patient history and physical examination alone. Your doctor may want to carry out a few imaging tests like X-rays, ultrasonography or MRI scan to rule out other causes.
Treatment
Asymptomatic ganglion cysts do not need any treatment. Resting the affected part by using splints or braces may help. Aspiration of the cyst can be done under anesthesia. Cheesy material is obtained on aspiration. Surgical excision of a cyst is also an option. Surgery can be done as an open or arthroscopic procedure. Whatever the mode of treatment chosen, a ganglion cyst can recur.
Recent updates
A recent study found that arthroscopic surgery for ganglion cysts has a better post-operative outcome compared to an open procedure.
