Causes and risk factors
The gradual depletion of the atmospheric ozone layer is an important environmental factor which contributes to sunburn. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation in form of sunlight or artificial lights causes sunburn. The reaction can occur suddenly or over a period of time .When the first symptom appears the damage has been already done to the skin. The melanin a protective color pigment of the skin is unable to absorb the excess of ultraviolet rays thus causing the sunburns.
Clinical presentation:
The symptoms can vary from mild to severe manifestations. Usually the lesions are seen in areas which are exposed to the radiation. Redness of the skin (Erythema) is the hallmark of sunburn. The skin becomes extremely sensitive to touch. Slightest touch of clothes can be painful. The people can complaint of burning sensation and watering of eyes. Itching and peeling of the skin can be associated symptoms. In severe cases small eruptions of skin which are filled with pus are seen (Blisters), fever, chills, and fatigue can be seen. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation can increase the risk of skin cancers.
Investigations:
Sunburn can be confirmed by the patient himself. The symptoms narrated by the patient and local examination carried out by the doctor can confirm it. No specific investigations are required. Skin biopsies are done in severe cases to rule out skin cancer.
Treatment:
Medications to control the itching and to relief the pain or burning sensation are prescribed. Prevention also plays an important role. Use of sunglasses, wearing protective clothes, hats and use of sunscreen lotions with SPF 15 or more are advisable.
Recent updates:
Research conducted at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute has published an article in the journal pigment cell and melanoma that the incidence of malignant melanoma in adulthood can be dramatically reduced by the consistent use of sunscreen in infancy and childhood.
