Causes and risk factors
Abrasion occurs when the superficial layer of skin is rubbed against the rough surface. Thin-skinned bony areas – knees, ankles, and elbows – are more prone to abrasions.
Clinical presentation
Abrasion causes pain and burning of the affected area. Bleeding may be present. Mild oozing of plasma may be seen. There is difficulty in mobility of the part, especially if the abrasion is on joints. Deep abrasion can cause injury to the underlying tendons or ligaments. Depending upon the severity of wound, an abrasion can be classified as first, second, or third degree. First degree abrasion involves only epidermis. Second degree involves the epidermis and dermis with mild bleeding. Third degree involves skin and subcutaneous layer and is called as an avulsion.
Investigation
Medical history by the patient and clinical examination by the doctor helps in diagnosis. Abrasions can be diagnosed by physical examination alone. No special test is required.
Treatment
Treatment consists of cleaning the wound with sterile gauze and H2O2 solution if required. Remove any embedded dirt and debris. Applying Betadine solution as an antiseptic precaution. Apply antibacterial ointment to prevent development of infection. Cover the wounded area with sterile dressing. Medical treatment such as antibiotics, analgesics may be prescribed.
Other Modes of treatment
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating abrasions. Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization and considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Similarly the Ayurvedic system of medicine, which uses herbal medicines and synthetic derivates, is also found to be effective in treating abrasions.
