Causative & risk factors
Avian influenza in humans occurs as a result of direct contact with infected birds or their secretions/excretions. Butchering or preparing an infected can cause avian influenza. It can also be transmitted through dead birds. Contact with droppings of infected birds or their secretions (eyes, respiratory tract) can also lead to bird flu.
However, a cooked infected bird cannot transmit this infection.
Clinical presentation
The symptoms of avian influenza usually begin suddenly. Symptoms are non-specific and can range from mild to severe. The patient usually develops fever, fatigue and muscle pains. Other symptoms may include redness or watering of eye, sore throat or coughing. Some people may develop abdominal pain, vomiting or diarrhea. Complications such as pneumonia or respiratory failure can occur in some people. Avian influenza can even be fatal, especially if it overlaps with other illnesses.
Investigations
A nose or throat swab is tested to look for the virus. A chest X-ray is usually performed. The patient’s blood can be tested for antibodies against the avian influenza virus in certain specialized laboratories.
Treatment
General measures such as rest and adequate intake of fluids are advised. Antiviral drugs are prescribed. Medications like anti-pyretics and painkillers are given for relief of symptoms.
Recent updates
Research has revealed that the H5N1 virus can infect not only birds and human, but also several other animals.
