Causes and risk factors
Babesiosis is caused by a parasite, Babesia microti, which is carried by tick. Ticks are small insects which feed on blood of animals or human beings. They are mostly found on tall grass or wooden areas. They get attached to the passerby. When a tick infected with parasite bites a human being, the parasite is transmitted to the human being and the symptoms appear. The infection can also be caused due to transmission of the infected blood.
Clinical presentation:
The symptoms of babesiosis are similar to that of Lyme disease. The parasite infests the red blood cells and causes lysis of RBC. The symptoms can range from mild to severe forms. The incubation period is 1 to 4 weeks. The person suffers from flu-like complaints. It starts with fever with chills. As the infection progresses, patient can complain of pain in the head, body ache, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Sweating along with development of a typical rash which has reddish purple appearance in spots (petechiae) are seen. This occurs due to bleeding under the skin. Usually the complaints are mild; however, it can take a severe form of complications, especially in immunocompromised people or those who have undergone a spleen surgery. In some patients, yellowish discoloration of skin and mucus membrane is seen. It can lead to various complications like heart failure, renal failure, or even acute respiratory distress syndrome. Eventually, complications can lead to death.
Investigations:
The diagnosis is confirmed on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patients and physical examination carried out by the doctor. Certain sets of investigations can also be advised which will aid in the confirmation of the disease. Examination of the blood smears are diagnostic. Specific antigen antibodies tests along with polymerase chain reaction tests are advised .The other tests include the complete blood count, urine routine, etc.
Treatment:
Treatment consists of administration of antiparasitic drugs. In advanced cases where the patient is severely ill, intravenous administration of antibiotic is done. Symptomatic treatment as per the systems affected needs to be done. Rest is an important part of treatment. Diet should consist of adequate liquids and nutritious food. Certain preventive measure needs to be adopted, like use of long pants, long-sleeved shirts, and completely covered shoes while going out in bushes or grassy areas. Use of insect repellents is advised. On coming back home, all the clothes and shoes should be thoroughly checked for insects. In case a tick is found, then remove the tick carefully with the help of tick removers.
Other Modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up with the disease. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms.
