Bacterial vaginosis (Vaginal bacteriosis, vaginitis)

Bacterial vaginosis (Vaginal bacteriosis, vaginitis)

Under normal circumstances, a vagina contains a steady balance of ‘good’ and’harmful’ bacteria. Sometimes the balance between these bacteria is disrupted causing the number of harmful bacteria to rise and the good bacteria to fall. This condition is known as bacterial vaginosis.

Causative and risk factors

A woman is at a higher risk of developing bacterial vaginosis if she has more than 1 sexual partner. Getting a new sexual partner can also cause bacterial vaginosis. Douching the vagina with a forceful stream of water is a known risk factor since it pushes bacteria within the vagina. Chemical irritation caused due to creams, sprays, bubble baths etc can also lead to an overgrowth of harmful bacteria. Other risk factors include smoking, wiping ones genitals from the back to front and use of intra-uterine devices.

 

Clinical presentation

The woman usually develops an abnormal vaginal discharge. The color, smell or quantity of the discharge changes from the pre-existing one. There may be discharge of blood from the vagina. There may be redness, swelling and itching in the vagina. The woman may experience pain during sexual intercourse. Urination may become painful.

Pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis are at a higher risk of developing miscarriages or premature birth.

 

Investigations  

Complete history of the patient is taken especially the sexual history. A pelvic examination is performed. A sample of the vaginal discharge is microscopically examined to determine the type of infection

 

Treatment  

Topical application of antibacterial ointments is advised. Some women may need a course of oral antibiotics.

Maintaining of good vaginal hygiene and safe sexual practices are necessary to prevent bacterial vaginosis. Mild soaps must be used for cleaning the vaginal area and proper drying should be done. The area must be clean from front to back. Use of irritating agents and douching at vaginal region must be avoided.

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