Causes and risk factors
A vertical force applied to the thumb is one of the major cause of fracture. A strong blow on a partially flexed first metacarpal bone while punching can also lead to an injury.
Clinical presentation:
Severe pain is experienced which is aggravated by any kind of thumb movement. Hence restriction of the movement is seen. Swelling along with tenderness is seen. The pain and swelling is more restricted at the base. Deformity of the thumb is seen. If the joint surfaces are left irregular, then there is a great possibility of developing osteoarthritis. Loss of grip can lead to disability of the patient to do heavy work.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and the physical examination carried out by the orthopedic doctor. Investigations which are done are x-ray of the bone. Usually routine x-rays or specialized digital x-rays along with CT scan and MRI are advised.
Treatment:
Rest and restriction of movement needs to be adopted. Analgesic or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are advised by the orthopedic doctor. In case of mild displacement, closed manipulation and plaster cast is needed. In most of the cases, surgical intervention is needed. Either closed or open reduction is done. Internal fixation using K-wires or screws is done. After surgery, thumb spica cast is used. Physiotherapy exercises are needed for improving the strength and mobility.
Other Modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up with the symptoms. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints. Certain yoga exercises can also be helpful in strengthening the muscles.
