Causes and risk factors
Congenital structural abnormality of the foot is the major cause of cavus foot. However, this condition can also be acquired. Neurological disorders are the main acquired factors resulting. Cerebral palsy, spina bifida, stroke, muscular dystrophy, and polio are some of the neurological causes.
Clinical presentation:
The complaints can be unilateral or bilateral. Pain in foot while walking and standing along with instability are the important symptoms seen. On examination, the arch of the affected foot appears to be high. Excess pressure or weight is laid down on the heel. This can lead to development of calluses. Along with this, the person can present with some other complaint like bent or claw toe, foot drop, and weakness of muscle of the foot.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient. A local examination is carried out. Certain tests are conducted by a surgeon in order to confirm the condition. A neurological evaluation along with x- ray of the affected foot can also be advised.
Treatment:
The treatment plan consists of administration of medications like pain relievers for allaying the pain. Modifications in shoes like use of high-topped shoes, use of orthodontic devices in shoes, and use of a brace for reducing the instability of foot and ankle are advised. In cases where the conservative mode fails to relieve or improve the complaint, surgery is needed.
Other Modes of treatment:
Certain yoga exercises or physical exercises under a trained physiotherapist will help to strengthen the muscles and improve the flexibility.
When to contact a doctor:
Seek an advice from an orthopedic doctor if one experiences complaint of pain on walking or standing along with weakness of muscles of the lower extremities.
System Involved: Musculoskeletal system.
Organ involved: Foot, Ankle, Phalanges, Bones, Muscles, Nerves
