Causes and risk factors
The exact cause of this condition is still not known. However, the skin manifestation is particularly seen in diabetic people, which indicates that there exists a role of high level of sugar in blood. People who suffer from diabetes for a prolonged period of time like 10-20 years are more prone for developing this condition. This condition is said to be commonly associated with diabetic neuropathy. It is one of the common complications of involvement of blood vessels causing capillary oozing into the skin. This is more commonly seen in people with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy. Studies have shown that injury or trauma or exposure to heat and cold can also trigger this condition.
Clinical presentation:
The most common site of affection is the shin bone; however, scalp, trunk, forearm, and thighs are other sites which can be affected. Development of a reddish or light brown color discoloration is the characteristic feature seen. These lesions are either oval or round in shape. Small circumscribed lesion occurs. These lesions can be scaly or they can flatten up. In few cases, itching can be present. Apart from these complaints, they do not cause any other subjective complaints. However, these lesions can be a matter of worry from a cosmetic point of view.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and the physical examination carried out by the dermatologist. A history of diabetes and presence of four or more lesions is diagnostic of this condition. Routine and specialized blood test and blood sugar levels are done. Certain other tests like renal function test, nerve conduction test, skin biopsy, etc., can also be advised.
Treatment:
As these skin lesions are caused due to high levels of sugar in blood, treating the underlying cause is the main line of treatment. One needs to control the blood sugar levels. As these conditions are harmless, it does not require any treatment. In case if itching is present, application of soothing agents and emollients is suggested.
When to contact a doctor:
Recommendation of an expert in the field of dermatology is advised in cases where the patient suffers from complaint of eruptions on skin along with positive history of high levels of blood sugar.
System involved: Integumentary system
Organ involved: skin, tissues, blood vessels, eye, and nerves
