Causes and risk factors
Dislocations are caused due to trauma, sudden fall or blow with a force on the joint. Sudden jerk while lifting a heavy object can also lead to dislocations .People who are engaged in certain sports like football, cricket etc are at high risk for dislocations. Obese people are more prone to dislocations. Some people with hereditary tendency of weak ligaments, tendons and musculature are prone to joint injuries resulting in dislocations. Certain metabolic and lifestyle diseases also contribute to weak musculature and dislocations. Children when indulged in a play or activity which is unsupervised or is carried out without any training e.g.: skating can lead to dislocations. One of the rare causes of dislocations is congenital disease called as hypermobility syndrome.
Clinical presentation:
The patient can complain of severe pain in the affected joint. Difficulty in movement or complete immobility often marked with tenderness, swelling and visible bluishness .The affected joint can be swollen and visible deformity can be seen. Tingling and numbness can also be felt in the surrounding areas. A dislocated joint if not treated on time can lead to damage to the ligaments, nerves, tendons and muscles.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done of the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and the physical examination is carried out by the doctor. Certain investigations which can be done are X-ray, MRI or CT scan can be done to know the extent of injury and involvement of the surrounding structures.
Treatment:
Rest, application of ice packs, compression and elevation are the immediate important measures to be implemented .In every case a medical professional who is trained can successfully reduced the dislocated joint into its normal position by manipulation. Pain relieving medicines are advised to allay the pain. In severe cases surgical intervention may be required to repair the tear to the surrounding structures, to reduce the dislocation and deformity. A gradual rehabilitation by physiotherapy is further advised which will help to improve the range and mobility of the joint and strengthen the muscles. Certain preventive measures needs to be implemented like if indulge in a play or sport supervise the child, recommending wearing of appropriate protective gear and supports during sports, teaching and promoting safety guidelines especially to children.
Other Modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment like Homoeopathy, Ayurveda can help to combat the pain only. Certain yoga exercises can also be helpful in relieving the pain and strengthening the muscles after recovery of the dislocation.
Recent updates:
The article has been published in the March 2010 issue of The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (JBJS) which states that the majority of all shoulder dislocations occur during sports activities and young males are at a higher risk, says a study which also shows a high rate of shoulder dislocation in elderly women.
