Causes and risk factors
Multiple factors in combination are responsible for this condition. Loss of water from skin along with decrease keratin synthesis is the main contributing factor. Genetic predisposition and multiple environmental factors contribute to the causation. Dry skin, friction, prolonged exposure to hot baths and exposure to harsh chemicals and soaps, exposure to dry winds and humidity are certain contributing factors. A variety of diseases like thyroid affections, neurological disorders, malignancies, nutritional deficiencies, and prolonged exposure to radiation and drugs are other associated causes.
Clinical presentation:
The eruptions can be seen on particular part of the body (localized) or widespread affection (generalized) can be seen. The localized form is divided into 4 types – asteatotic eczema in neurological disorders, asteatotic eczema caused due to discontinuation of corticosteroid therapy, asteatotic eczema secondary to contact dermatitis, asteatotic eczema of lower extremity due to aging, malnutrition and dehydrated skin. The most common site of affection is the skin of trunk and hands. The patient usually complains of itching and dry skin. Development of cracks and fissures is seen. Erythema and bleeding occurs. Scaling of skin is seen. The affected skin becomes red and swollen.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and the physical examination carried out by the dermatologist. Usually the clinical examination is itself sufficient to diagnose the case. Histological examination is carried out. Other investigations are carried out rule out other causes.
Treatment:
The treatment plan consists of administration of corticosteroid medications, either in the form of topical application or orally. Hydrocortisone creams can be advised. Emollients and moisturizers for soothing the skin are applied. Use of harsh skin cleaners and soaps should be avoided. Frequent baths with warm water should be avoided.
When to contact a doctor:
Recommendation of an expert in the field of dermatology is advised if one suffers from redness, dryness, itching and scaling of skin.
System involved: Integumentary system
Organ involved: Skin, tissues, nerves
