Causes and risk factors
The cause of endophthalmitis can be endogenous or exogenous. Endogenous cause includes spread of infection through blood from the other source of infection such as endocarditis. Exogenous cause such as complication of ocular surgery, blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, and foreign bodies can lead to endophthalmitis.
Clinical presentation
Patient complains of pain in the eyes. There is photophobia, loss of vision. Swelling around the eyes, redness of the conjunctiva is seen. Hypopyon is present [layered collection of white cells in the anterior chamber].
Investigation
Medical history by the patient and clinical examination by the ophthalmologist helps in diagnosis. Investigations include ophthalmoscopy, ultrasound of the eye. Vitreous tap to see bacteria in vitreous fluid is done.
Treatment
Antibiotics – intraviteral, oral, and topical are prescribed. Corticosteroids to reduce swelling and inflammation are advised. Vitrectomy is required in case of serious infection.
Other Modes of treatment
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating endophthalmitis. Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization and considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Similarly, the Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbal medicines and synthetic derivates is also found to be effective in treating endophthalmitis.
