Causes and risk factors
In a known asthmatic patient any physical activity, stress, or exercise exaggerates the asthmatic condition is called as Exercise induced asthma. In asthmatic patient there is narrowing of respiratory airways. During exercise the patient inhales through mouth. Thus inhaling cold air which causes more constriction of airways resulting into severe bout of asthma. The risk factors for developing exercise induced asthma are cold air, dry air. Strong emotions and stress can also lead to this condition. History of pre existing respiratory infections, sinusitis, individual or family history of allergies, such as hay fever [allergic rhinitis] or eczema are predisposing factors.
Clinical presentation
Patient with exercise induced asthma presents with cough with or without sputum production, chest tightness, shortness of breath worse with the exercise or activity. There is wheezing which comes in episodes, worse when breathing in cold air, worse with during and after exercise. Chest tightness, fatigue is experienced. Severe symptoms include cyanosis of the lips and face, nasal flaring, drowsiness, confusion. Rapid pulse, sweating is seen. There can be severe anxiety due to shortness of breath.
Investigation
Medical history by the patient and Clinical examination by the doctor helps in diagnosis. Abnormal respiratory sounds are heard on chest auscultation which leads to further evaluation. An exercise challenge test, stress test may be carried out. A chest X ray is advised. Pulmonary function tests, spirometry is recommended. Routine blood tests, allergic testing, arterial blood gas is done.
Treatment
The goal of treatment is to avoid the triggers and to control airway inflammation. Cessation of the heavy strenuous physical activity that caused the attack and resting is necessary. There are two basic kinds of medication for the treatment of exercise induced asthma – Quick-relief medications for use during attacks such as inhaled corticosteroids and Long-acting medications to prevent attacks and inflammation such as bronchodilators.
Other Modes of treatment
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating exercise induced asthma.
Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Similarly the ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbal medicines and synthetic derivates are also found to be effective in treating exercise induced asthma.
