Causes and risk factors
The exact cause of a fissured tongue is still not known. Studies have shown that as the age increases, the chances of developing fissured tongue also increases. It is believed to be one of the variants of the normal tongue. Certain conditions can also trigger fissured tongue. The common triggering factors are consumption of alcohol or tobacco chewing or chewing of betel nut. Consumption of certain drugs or an allergic reaction can also trigger fissured tongue. Fissured tongue is commonly seen in conditions like Down syndrome and Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome.
Clinical presentation:
Most of the patients having fissured tongue remain asymptomatic. There is presence of grooves or furrows on the tongue. Mostly the middle one-third of the tongue is more commonly affected. The cracks can either be deep or shallow. A fissure right at the center of the tongue can divide the tongue into two halves. Fissured tongue is more commonly associated with geographic tongue. Some may experience pain and burning on the tongue. The pain can be aggravated by eating hot and spicy food. Difficulty in swallowing food and eating food along with red discoloration of tongue can occur. The debris of food can get logged into the grooves.
Investigations:
No investigations are usually needed. A clinical examination during dental check-up is sufficient for diagnosing fissured tongue. Biopsy is rarely needed.
Treatment:
No specific treatment is needed for a fissured tongue. One needs to maintain a good dental hygiene. Daily brushing of teeth and regular flossing must be done. The tongue must be cleaned daily. Along with this, one needs to maintain a good hydration, hence drinking of plenty of water is advised.
Other modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up with the symptoms. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints.
