Causes and risk factors:
The exact cause of Guillain Barre Syndrome is not known however it is said to be an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system attacks the nerves resulting in damage of the myelin sheath thus hampering the transmission of signals. In most of the cases it follows acute viral infection. Immunization, surgery, respiratory and digestive diseases can trigger the syndrome.
Clinical presentations:
Symmetrical appearance of the complaints is the characteristic feature of this syndrome. Complaints first start in the extremities and then spreads to the rest of the body. Tingling, numbness and weakness of extremities are the initial symptoms noticed. The Pricking or pin like sensation is felt in palms or soles. Patient face difficulty in movement of the eyes, swallowing and chewing. There also occurs inability of chewing food due to difficulty in closure of mouth the person cannot whistle or blow air. Affection of the eyes can cause watering from the eyes. Facial weakness, difficult breathing, rapid beating of the heart along with low or high blood pressure are the other symptoms seen. Loss of control over bladder and bowel movements occurs.
Diagnosis and investigations:
In the initial stage diagnosis can be difficult as Guillain Barre mimics other nerve disorders. Symptoms narrated by the patient along with certain investigations can aid in confirming the diagnosis. Nerve conduction studies and Electromyography are the diagnostic investigations. Lumbar puncture test for Cerebrospinal fluid examination can also be advised.
Treatment:
There is no cure for Guillain Barre Syndrome but symptomatic relief can be achieved. Plasmapheresis and Immunoglobulin therapy are the two most effective treatments that can speed up the recovery and can reduce the severity. Electrical stimulation of the nerve may be helpful. Physiotherapy exercises are effective to improve the muscle tone and nerve stimulation.
Other modes of treatment:
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating herpes infection. Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization and considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints.
