Causes and risk factors
An allergy is an autoimmune reaction of the body. When an individual is exposed to certain substance, the immune system considers it as harmful substance for the body. As a result, the body stimulates the cells to secrete the immunoglobulins to nullify the effect of the substance. The next time as soon as one consumes or comes in contact with that substance to which the person is sensitive, the immunoglobulins are stimulated and they release histamines for the defense. This process gives rise to the signs and symptoms. Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) found in hair dyes is the most common agent to cause allergy. Since then, the use of this chemical has been minimized and been replaced by para-aminodiphenylamine (PADA), para-toluenediamine (PTDA) and 3 nitro-p-hydroxyethylaminophenol. Although these substances are less harmful, they too can induce an allergic reaction. Hair dressers and people engaged in grooming and parlor activities are more prone to this kind of allergy.
Clinical presentation:
The allergic reaction can range from mild complaints to a serious problem. The common site of affection is the scalp. A person who is allergic to the substance contained in the hair dyes can come up with complaints of red eruptions (urticaria) and itching, particularly on the scalp. Swelling of face can occur. Symptoms of respiratory affection like runny nose, cough, and wheezes. The patient finds difficulty in breathing. Headache is also a common complaint seen. It can also cause irritation to the eyes along with itching, redness, and watering. Rarely in some patients does the allergy lead to life-threatening condition of anaphylaxis.
Investigations:
Usually the patient himself can identify the allergy to hair dyes. Diagnosis can be done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patients and the physical examination carried out by the doctor. The detailed history taken from the patient will help the doctor to evaluate. Routine blood test and allergy test can be recommended by the consultant who will confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment:
As per doctor’s advise, application of hair dyes should be avoided or some alternate method should be used. E.g.: Hair dyes can be replaced by natural means like use of Henna (Lawsonia inermis) or hair dye containing herbal or organic products. Mild cases usually resolve in some days. If required for relieving the discomfort, anti-allergic medications are advised. Antihistamines and steroids have been found to be effective. In cases of anaphylaxis, hospitalization and close monitoring is required.
Other modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up with the disease. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms.
