Causes and risk factors
Histoplasmosis is caused due to the fungus histoplasmosis capsulatum. This fungi harbor in soil and in materials which are contaminated with bat or any other bird droppings. Due to certain activities like playing, road work, due to vehicle etc when the soil is disturbed, along with the soil the spores of the fungus contained in the soil spreads into the air. This air when inhaled leads to infection of the lungs. People with weak immune system, young children whose immunity is yet to developed and old people are more prone for developing this infection. Any chronic lung affection is a great risk factor for developing this infection.
Clinical presentation:
Histoplasmosis can cause acute or chronic lung infection. The symptoms are seen 3-17 days after inhalation of the spores. They can range from mild to severe one. At times the patient remains asymptomatic. An individual can land with complaint of cold and coryza, cough and fever. The cough is dry and without any expectoration. Pain in chest, difficulty in breathing and shortness of breath and sweating are other associated symptoms seen. It can also lead to some complications like acute respiratory distress, heart complaints, meningitis etc.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done of the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and the physical examination carried out by the doctor. A chest X-ray shows distinct patterns which helps in diagnosis. Routine blood test and urines test can also be advised. Along with this sputum or blood cultures and blood test for certain antibodies and proteins can help is coming at accurate diagnosis. In severe cases certain other investigations can also be recommended.
Treatment:
In certain mild cases no medical intervention may be needed. The symptoms usually resolve on its own. While the rest of the cases are treated with antifungal medications. Usually oral administration is advised. In severe cases the person is hospitalized and intravenous fluid administration is started. Rest and a well balanced food intake is recommended. Avoiding visit at high risk areas like bird coops, construction sites or renovation sites is the only preventive measure.
Other Modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up the disease. Taking into consideration the symptoms in holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints.
