Causes and risk factors
The exact cause for masochism is not known. Several theories are put forth like suppression or inappropriate sexual fantasies, history of emotional abuse in childhood, and family dysfunction increases the risk of development of masochism. It is classified as a type of paraphilia.
Clinical presentation
Patient has sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behavior when he is humiliated, beaten, bound or hurt in some way or the other. Blindfolding, spanking are the methods used by such patients to derive or experience sexual pleasure. Some patients inflict pain on themselves by pricking, cutting themselves, shocks, or choking. One of the methods is hypoxyphilia, i.e., near asphyxiation. These fantasies, urges, or behaviors affect social, occupational, or other functions of life. Symptoms are evident by early adulthood and start during masochistic play in childhood.
Investigations
Medical history by the patient and clinical examination by the psychiatrist or psychologist helps in diagnosis. Presence of fantasies, urges, or behavior where there is sexual gratification from pain, humiliation, hurt, or in any other way since 6 months or more.
Treatment
Treatment involves psychotherapy. It involves behavioral technique, cognitive behavioral techniques, and psychoanalytical techniques. Medications such as anti-depressants or antipsychotic drugs will also help in managing masochism. Spiritual and religious approaches are also effective in treatment.
Other Modes of treatment
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating masochism. Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization and considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Bach flower therapy can also be effective in treating such psychological conditions.
Complications
Complications such as injury and accidents may occur in trying to get sexual gratification.
When to Contact a Doctor
The person should be taken to the doctor if above symptoms are observed in him.
Systems involved
CNS
Organs involved
Genitourinary organs, brain
