Causes and risk factors
The exact cause of metabolic syndrome is not known however certain factors in combination predispose metabolic syndrome. Old age, genetics, diet and sedentary lifestyle are the major contributing factors. Increasing stress levels are leading to higher incidence.
Clinical features
A person suffering from metabolic syndrome is usually an obese person. Central obesity and fatty liver is commonly seen in such patients. On examination the blood pressure is elevelated. Insulin resistance due to increase glucose levels occurs in these patients. High abdominal girth or abdominal obesity is seen in these patients. Patients suffering from metabolic syndrome complaint of erectile dysfunction. Females usually suffer from polycystic ovarian disease. Along with this hyper pigmentation of skin is seen. Metabolic syndrome can cause lead to complications like Diabetes mellitus and various cardiovascular diseases.
Investigations
The diagnosis is done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and physical examination. There is no single test for diagnosis. Investigations like lipid profiles, blood sugar levels, ultrasonography of abdomen and pelvis is done. Blood pressure along with waist circumference is measured. Certain other investigations as per the presenting symptoms can also be advised.
Treatment
Medications are the first line of treatment. Antihypertensive drugs, medications to normalize the cholesterol and regulate the blood sugar levels are started. Changes in life style play a major role in this. In includes adoption of balanced diet, regular exercises, adoption of measures to reduce stress.
Other modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up the symptom. Taking into consideration the symptoms in holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints. Certain yoga exercises can also be helpful.
Recent update:
As per the study presented at the 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS), researchers found that total joint replacement patients with three or more metabolic syndrome risk factors were almost three times as likely to have complications within the first year after joint replacement.
As per the study conducted by Canadian Medical Association Journal a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts may help reverse the condition of metabolic syndrome.
