Diseases

Molar Pregnancy

Molar pregnancy is defined as an abnormal fertilization that results in formation of abnormal cells along with sacs which are filled with fluid inside the womb. It is also known as gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) or hydatidiform mole. In molar pregnancy there is no fetus seen in sac, however there is only placental tissue growth.

Published January 12, 2022

Causes and risk factors

Molar pregnancy occurs when an abnormal fertilization takes place between the sperm and the ovum as a result of which an abnormal cell and the fluid sacs are formed in the womb. The exact cause of molar pregnancy is not known however certain risk factors have been put forth. Pregnancy at an elder age (>45years) and taking contraceptive pills for a longer time contribute to the causation. A woman with previous history of molar pregnancy is at high risk for developing molar pregnancy for second time. Molar pregnancy is of two types partial and complete. Complete molar pregnancy occurs when a sperm fertilizes with an empty egg. There is only placental formation. In partial molar pregnancy there is formation of an embryo but it has several defects and also contains an abnormal cells.

Clinical presentation:

A woman with molar pregnancy presents with complaints of heavy vaginal bleeding. The blood is dark brown in color. At times the woman may pass blood clots, some may pass mass of molar tissue .Bleeding usually occurs at 6-12 weeks of pregnancy. There occurs nausea and vomiting and high blood pressure. The abdomen is swollen and bloated. Low blood count and hyperactive thyroid gland also occur. Molar pregnancy if incompletely evacuated have tendency to grow into cancerous cells affecting the body.

Investigations:

The diagnosis is done on the basis of symptoms narrated by the patient and the examination done by the gynecologist. Routine blood and urine test are done. The blood and urine is tested for HCG hormone. Ultrasonography is diagnostic. Certain other investigations can also be advised.

Treatment:

Evacuation of the uterus is the main line of treatment. Dilatation and curettage is done. In some cases medical evacuation using a pill is recommended. It is specially done in cases of partial pregnancy. In some cases particularly in case of complete molar pregnancy, chemotherapy is also needed. Regular monitoring of the HCG levels after evacuation up to 6months to 1 year is necessary. Future pregnancy should be avoided for atleast 1 year.

Other Modes of treatment:

Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up the symptom. Taking into consideration the symptoms in holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms.

Facts and Figures:

Molar pregnancy occurs in 1 out of every 1000 pregnancies.