Causes and risk factors
The most common cause of muscle contusion is a direct blow or a blunt injury. It causes damage to the underlying muscle fibers, connective tissue, and blood vessels. However, the skin remains intact. Damage to the blood vessels results in formation of blood clots in the muscle belly. The internal bleeding in tissues forms a hematoma. Fall on hard surface is another common cause of muscle contusion. Repeated blow by someone can cause muscle injury. It is commonly seen in sports like football, basketball, cricket, and hockey.
Clinical presentation:
The most common site of injury is the thigh. The quadriceps are the most commonly affected. Most contusions are mild and heal on their own over time. Pain and swelling along with bluish discoloration is seen. Sore, bruised feeling is present. Dull aching or throbbing pain is felt. The affected muscle becomes weak and stiffness is seen. Movement can aggravate the pain. Sometimes a blood clot is formed under the skin or in the muscle belly. It leads to formation of hematoma. On examination, tenderness is present. In severe cases where the underlying tissues are severely damaged, it can lead to complications. Myositis ossificans and compartment syndrome are the common complications seen. The complications can refrain a sport player from training or playing sports. Damage to the internal organs can occur in case of abdominal wall contusion.
Investigations:
Considering the symptoms, a local examination is carried out by the orthopedic doctor. There is often a history of injury. Clinical observation is usually sufficient for diagnosis. X-ray can be done to rule out the underlying fracture. MRI or CT scan can be done to find the involvement of other tissues.
Treatment:
Rest, elevation of the affected part, compression along with restriction of movement which aggravates the pain is advised. Application of ice pack is advised to reduce the swelling. Analgesic, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are advised by the orthopedic doctor for relief of pain. Massage can help to allay the pain and reduce the swelling. In case of hematoma formation, surgical drainage is required. Physical therapy exercises are advised to help strengthen the muscle and improve the flexibility.
Other Modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up with the symptom. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints. Certain yoga exercises can also be helpful in strengthening the muscles.
