Causes and risk factors
Otitis externa is caused by a bacterial or fungal infection.
The factors which predispose to the infection include the use of itch-producing cosmetics or other products near the ear area, humid weather, and pre-existing skin infections in the ear area. People who swim frequently are at a much higher risk of developing otitis externa, hence this condition is also known as ‘swimmer’s ear.’ Otitis externa may sometimes also occur as a result of a pre-existing otitis media.
Clinical presentation
Otitis externa presents with earache and a discharge from the ear. The patient usually has a sensation of fullness or blockage in the ear.
Investigations
The patient’s history followed by a physical examination of the ear is usually adequate to make a diagnosis of otitis externa. Sometimes the ear discharge may be sent for culture and sensitivity testing.
Treatment
The patient is advised to gently mop up his ear discharge at frequent intervals. Antibiotics are prescribed in the form of ear drops or sprays. Analgesic drugs are prescribed to allay the pain.
When to contact a doctor
Contact a doctor as soon as you experience earache or discharge from the ear.
Prevention
Swimmers must attempt to keep their ears dry while swimming by wearing a protective cap.
One must not stick ear buds or any pointed objects into the ear.
While bathing, care should be taken to avoid the entry of shampoo or other products into the ear.
Systems involved
Otology
Organs involved
Ears
