Causes and risk factors
When a tumour occurs in the body, defence mechanism begins by production of antibodies. These anti bodies attack and destroy cancer cells along with some normal cells. Thus antibodies affect normal nerve cells causing neurological symptoms. The condition is triggered by altered immune system of the person. Metastasis of cancer occurs which affects distant organs, for example it can affect brain causing neurological dysfunction. Nerve compression due to increasing size of tumour can also lead to neurological symptoms in a cancer patient. Paraneoplastic syndromes of nervous system are common among people with cancer of breast, lung, ovaries, testes, lymphatic system. People with family history of autoimmune disease are at high risk of developing this disease condition.
Clinical presentation
Paraneoplastic syndromes can present as rheumatologic, cardiovascular, hematologic, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, endocrine, neurologic, neuromuscular symptoms. Paraneoplastic syndromes of nervous system include problems in movements like walking, balancing. There is difficulty in holding a grip, loss of muscle coordination, muscle weakness, difficulty in swallowing, slurred speech, vision problems, and seizures. Patient complains of sleep disturbances, and loss of memory.
Investigation
Medical history by the patient and Clinical examination by the doctor helps in diagnosis. Routine blood investigations are done. Lumbar puncture is advised. Imaging studies such as CT scan, MRI, and PET scan is useful for further evaluation.
Treatment
Treatment Involves treating the underlying cancer. Medications like corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, anti seizure medications may be required. Physiotherapy is advised to improve range of motion and posture and prevent muscle weakness. Occupational therapy, speech therapy will also help in managing Paraneoplastic syndromes of nervous system.
Other Modes of treatment
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating Paraneoplastic syndromes of nervous system. Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Similarly the ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbal medicines and synthetic derivates are also found to be effective in treating Paraneoplastic syndromes of nervous system.
