Causes and risk factors
Pilar cysts are lumps containing fluid which originate from the outer sheath of the hair follicle. The cells of the hair follicle invade into the deeper parts of the skin. There, these cells undergo proliferation. These multiplied cells form a sac which produces keratin. This change is said to be stimulated by some genetic factor. However, the exact gene involved is not known. It is said to be an autosomal dominant disease.
Clinical presentation:
The common site affected is the scalp. Other parts of the body are less commonly affected. More often, these cysts are seen in multiples. The patient complains of formation of a small lump which has a well-defined edge and is with a smooth surface. It is movable and contains fluid. The color of the overlying skin is fleshy or reddish or is the same as the surrounding skin. Apart from hampering the cosmetic view, the cyst usually does not cause any complaint. Symptoms of pain, irritation, and discomfort are seen in cases if the infection supervenes. At times, the cyst can rupture and can ooze fluid. It is a thick, white liquid, much like toothpaste.
Investigations:
The symptoms narrated by the patient and the clinical examination carried out is usually sufficient for diagnosis. However, certain investigations can be advised. It comprises of an x-ray of the head, CT scan, or MRI. Histopathological examination along with skin biopsy can also be done.
Treatment:
In case the cyst does not cause any complaint, no medical intervention is needed. The patient is observed under regular follow-ups. If infection is present and patient suffers from complaints, antibiotic medications are advised for treating the infection. Enucleation of the cyst can also be done. Complete excision of cyst needs to be done in severe cases.
Other modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up with the disease. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints.
