Causes and risk factors
Rhinoscleroma is caused due to gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. This infection is caused due to inhalation of droplets of air which is contaminated with the bacteria. Touching the nose with contaminated hands after contact with materials or surfaces which might have been contaminated with the bacteria can be another possible source of infection. Immunocompromised people are more prone towards developing this condition. Poor hygiene too can add up to the causation.
Clinical presentation:
The presentation of rhinoscleroma is divided into three phases – catarrhal stage, granulomatous phase, and fibrotic phase. In catarrhal stage, coryza occurs. Initially, there is continuous runny nose or an obstructed feeling is seen. Later, the discharge becomes thick and contain pus. They have a foul odor. Crust formation is seen in mucous membrane of the nose. These complaints last from a few weeks to months. In granulomatous stage, there occurs formation of lump or nodules. As the nodule increases, it can lead to nasal deformity. The mucous membrane of the nose becomes bluish red in color. Bleeding from nose is seen. There occurs loss of smell. In fibrotic phase, the granulation tissue becomes hard and scar formation is seen. The infection spreads to other parts of the respiratory system.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient. A local examination of the nose is carried out by the doctor. Routine blood test and culture examination is diagnostic.
Treatment:
The treatment plan consists of administration of medications like antibiotics. The medications are prescribed for long term. In case of granuloma formation or if scarring occurs, surgical intervention is needed.
Other Modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up with the symptom. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints.
