Causes and risk factors
Several factors have been responsible for the inflammation of the papillae. The more common among it is infection particularly caused by virus. The herpes simplex virus is the commonest. Trauma and irritation caused due to biting or scraping or rubbing of the tongue is another cause. Stress, certain gastrointestinal disorders, and certain foods like acidic, salty, or spicy foods have also been responsible for this. Hormonal fluctuation can also result in affection of papillae. Inflammation of the papillae is a common presentation seen in allergic reactions like asthma or hay fever.
Clinical presentation:
Inflammation of the papillae is seen in the form of small red or white bumps on the surface of the tongue. They are either seen at the side of the tongue or at the tip. Pain is another complaint. Typically, burning type of pain is felt by the patient. There is a sense of soreness and rawness felt. The pain can be aggravated by eating hot and spicy foods. Difficulty in chewing and swallowing food is experienced. Normally, either one or several papillae can be affected. The complaints can last from 2-15 days.
There are three types of the papillitis – Classic form, eruptive form, or papulokeratotic. In papulokeratotic type, several papillae are affected which are seen as multiple white bumps on the tongue. There is no other complaint seen, but in the eruptive form the inflammation of papilla is associated with fever and enlarged glands. The papilla commonly at the sides and tip of the tongue are affected. This form is commonly seen in children. In classic form, single papilla is affected. They are seen as raised bumps particularly at the tip of the tongue. These are white or red in color. Along with this, the patient suffers from a burning and tingling sensation. Geographic tongue is seen.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and local examination carried out by the doctor. Investigations are advised to detect whether there persists any underlying disease. Complete blood count, cultures, and mucosal biopsy, etc., can be advised.
Treatment:
No specific treatment is available for this condition. Symptomatic relief has to be obtained. Topical steroids along with smoothening agents are advised. Antiseptic mouthwashes and salt-water rinses are recommended. Along with this, one needs to maintain good dental hygiene. Daily brushing of teeth and regular flossing must be done. The tongue must be cleaned daily. Along with this, one needs to maintain good hydration, hence drinking plenty of water is advised.
Other modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up with the symptoms. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints.
