Causes and risk factors
Urticaria pigmentosa is caused due to increased number of mast cells in the bone marrow. These increased number of mast cells are then activated, which causes release of histamine. The exact cause of this increase in number of mast cells is not known. However, certain factors seem to trigger this condition. Among them alcohol intake, stress, certain drugs and food substances are the major contributing factors. Certain genetic factors are also responsible for this condition.
Clinical presentation:
The most common site of affection is the scalp, face, limbs, and trunk. However, certain other parts of the body can also be affected. Rarely, bones can also be affected. The condition is characterized by appearance of reddish brown bumps or spots. These lesions on exposure to heat or warmth increase in size and shape causing darker lesions which are elevated or raised. These eruptions are termed as wheals. Appearance of this sign in urticaria pigmentosa is termed as Darier’s sign. Burning and itching are other associated symptoms. Along with these skin complaints, the patient can also complain of systemic complaints like headache, pain in abdomen, weakness, increased pulse, etc.
Investigations:
Diagnosis can be done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patients and the physical examination carried out by the dermatologist. Complete blood count and microscopic examination of the tissue is done. Specialized blood tests are carried out which show elevated levels of histamines. Certain enzyme tests are also recommended. It shows increase in the mast cells tryptase protein.
Treatment:
Avoidance of the triggering factors is the main line of treatment. Antihistaminic or steroid medications are advised by the doctor. In some cases, corticosteroid medications or topical applications are advised. Mast cell stabilizers are advised. Photochemotherapy and immunotherapy have been also found to be effective means of treatment.
Other modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up with the symptoms. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms.
