Causes and risk factors
Vasovagal syncope is caused by certain disturbance in the part of nervous system that controls blood pressure and heart rate. There is lowered heart rate and drop in blood pressure. Blood supply to the brain is reduced causing unconsciousness. The triggers for vasovagal syncope are – standing for long time, getting up suddenly, straining during defecation, sun exposure, sight of blood, blood drawn from the body [blood donation or for blood sample], fear of injury, stress due to trauma , severe menstrual cramps, sudden extreme emotions, lack of sleep, hunger.
Clinical presentation
Patient experiences symptoms before fainting such as light-headedness, nausea, feeling extremely cold or hot, sweating, .There is ringing in the ears [tinnitus]. Patient has visual disturbances, sensitivity to light, tunnel vision [can see only what is in front of eyes], blurred vision, pupils are dilated .Weakness, uncomfortable feeling in heart, confusion follows. Pulse is weak, slow. These are followed by feeling of unconsciousness and fall.
Investigation
Medical history by the patient and Clinical examination by the doctor helps in diagnosis. An ECG, echocardiogram is advised. Routine blood test like CBC, BSL are recommended. Stress test can be done for further evaluation. ‘Tilt table test’ can be carried out to monitor postural changes in heart rhythm and blood pressure.
Treatment
No treatment is required for vasovagal syncope once the condition is diagnosed. Supportive care consists of intravenous fluid therapy and adequate hydration. Head low position may be given to treat low BP and improve blood supply to brain. Doctor may advise to avoid conditions that trigger the attack. Use of techniques that prevent pooling of blood in legs such as stockings may be helpful in preventing vasovagal attack. Underlying cause if any must be treated.
Other Modes of treatment
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating vasovagal syncope. Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Similarly the ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbal medicines and synthetic derivates are also found to be effective in treating vasovagal syncope.
