Causes and risk factors
Wells syndrome is said to be a genetic disorder. It is said to be an inherited autosomal dominant pattern. Mutation in gene NLRP3 causes this condition. This gene is responsible for production of protein cryopyrin. Cryopyrins are involved in immune system, which helps in inflammation. Mutation of this gene then results in appearance of complaints. However, certain factors can trigger this condition. Stress, heat, fatigue, or cold or other stresses like various infections and drugs might trigger this condition.
Clinical presentation:
Wells syndrome is characterized by affection of skin and bones along with fever. Complaints are seen on and off and usually seen during infancy or early childhood. There occurs development of a rash. Itching and burning of skin is seen. Gradually there occurs appearance of nodules and plaques. Bright red patches appear. Over a period of 4-8 weeks of time, it becomes green in color. Later it becomes grayish brown. The skin of the trunk and limbs are more commonly affected. Swelling of joints occur. Along with this, fever and tiredness is seen. In some cases, affection of eyes is seen. Conjunctivitis is also seen. In certain cases, hearing is also damaged and affection at the level of the kidney can also be seen.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and the physical examination carried out by the doctor. Blood examination, particularly complete blood count, are diagnostic. X-ray, MRI, or CT scan of the affected joint is also recommended. Eosinophil cation protein levels are measured. Along with this, skin biopsy is also done.
Treatment:
The aim of the treatment is to relieve the complaint. Palliative mode of treatment is done. Medications like pain relieving medications, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used. In severe cases, corticosteroid injections and topical pain relieving gels and lubricants are advised. Antifungal and antibiotic medications are used. Topical steroid therapies are also given.
Other Modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up with the symptoms. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints. Acupuncture, which is the science of insertion of fine needles on the certain stimulating spots on the body, has been proven to be effective. Certain yoga exercises can also be helpful in relieving the pain and strengthening the muscles.
