Causative and risk factors
A sprained ankle results due to twisting, rolling or turning of the foot beyond its normal motions areas. It can be precipitated by weakness of muscles, tendons and ligaments in and around the ankle. Lack of stretching or warm up before activity can predispose to ankle sprains. Other factors that increase your risk of ankle sprains include poor ankle flexibility, running on uneven surfaces or wearing shoes with inadequate heel support.
Clinical presentation
A sprained ankle appears reddish and swollen and is quite painful. On examination the ankle area is found warm to touch. The normal range of motion of the ankle becomes restricted as a result of pain and swelling.
Investigations
After a thorough history taking and physical examination, X-rays of the ankle are advised.
Treatment
Immediately after the sprain, ice is applied to the ankle for 10-30 minutes. A bandage or ankle support is given in order to provide protection as well as compression to the ankle. The ankle is to be rested for a few days and it must be elevated in order to reduce the swelling. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other pain-relieving medications may be prescribed. Surgery may be necessary in some cases.
Physiotherapy is recommended to help restore the ankle function fully.
