Causative & risk factors
Astigmatism occurs due to a defect in the shape of the cornea or the lens inside the eye. Rarely, it may occur as a result of injury to the eye or following an eye surgery.
Clinical presentation
Due to blurring of vision, the patient is unable to see fine details. He can also experience eyestrain and frequent episodes of headaches. The vision is distorted; objects may appear abnormal in terms of shape and size.
Investigations
A standard eye exam is carried out to test the visual acuity. Other tests such as keratometry and computerized corneal mapping are carried out to measure the curvature of the cornea and the light reflected from the surface of the cornea.
Treatment
Eyeglasses and specialized contact lenses are used to correct this refractive error in order to maintain normal vision. Surgery is also an option where the surface of the eye is reshaped.
Commonly performed surgical procedures include ‘Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis’ (LASIK), laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) and Photorefractive keratectomy.
