Causative & risk factors
Blepharitis is mostly caused due to a bacterial infection especially staphyloccal. It could result from a malfunctioning of the oil glands near the eyelids. Seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff), rosacea or lice infestation can also lead to blepharitis. Blepharitis can also occur as a result of allergic reactions or due to intake of certain medications.
Clinical presentation
The eyelids become red, swollen and greasy with flaky skin around. The eyes become red and watery and there is a burning sensation. The eyelids are sticky in the morning with formation of crusts. The eyelashes may be lost or become misdirected. The person may have increased sensitivity to light (photophobia) and may blink more frequently. A sty or chalazion may form as a complication of blepharitis.
Investigations
Patient history and an eye exam are adequate to make a diagnosis of blepharitis. Occasionally an eyelid swab may be tested.
Treatment
Blepharitis usually lasts for a long time, however it can be easily managed with basic cleansing techniques. The scalp must be washed frequently to prevent dandruff. Cleaning of the eyelids is essential since there is a lot of flaking and crusting. The patient is advised to clean the eyelids with a warm soft cloth several times a day. Topical applications containing antibiotics or steroids are prescribed. Any underlying condition if present is appropriately treated.
Recent updates
Newer antibiotics are being researched to treat blepharitis more effectively.