Causes and risk factors
Shortening of the toe occurs due to abnormality or disturbances in the growth of the bones of the foot. Premature closing of the growth plates hampers the bone growth. The toe may appear normal; however, shortening of the metatarsal bone is seen. It is a congenital condition, hence although still not clear, certain genetic factors are involved in this.
Clinical presentation:
Presence of short toe is a characteristic feature seen. This can affect all the five metatarsal bones; however, the fourth metatarsal bone is commonly affected. One or both the feet can be affected. The patient can remain asymptomatic while a few others can present with complaints. On wearing shoes, short toe can cause pain. Due to presence of short toe the weight distribution is altered, leading to pain, pressure, and callus formation. The patient experiences pain and difficulty on walking. Apart from all these complaints, short toe hampers the appearance of the toe. The person avoids walking barefoot and this all can lead to embarrassment.
Investigations:
The symptoms narrated by the patient are taken into consideration. A local examination is carried out. In order to confirm the diagnosis, certain investigations are advised. An x-ray is usually sufficient for diagnosing the condition. If required, advanced imaging techniques like MRI and CT scan can also be advised.
Treatment:
Usually a modification in shoes is sufficient in treating the condition. Wearing supportive shoes or shoes which can be easily stretched or wide toe box shoes are advised. Cushion or use of splints can be done to relieve the pressure. Pain relieving medications are prescribed. In certain cases, surgical intervention is done which comprises adoption of bone grafting and lengthening.
Other modes of treatment:
Certain yoga exercises or physical exercises under trained physiotherapist will help to strengthen the muscles and ligaments and improve the flexibility.
When to contact a doctor:
Contact an orthopedic doctor if one experiences any pain, swelling, or discomfort in the ankle joint.
System involved: Musculoskeletal system.
Organ involved: Bones, nerves, muscles, ligaments, joints, ankle.
