Causes and risk factors
Buerger’s disease is caused by inflammation of blood vessels [Vasculitis]. The vessels become narrow and there is clotting of blood. This is caused due to use of tobacco, excessive smoking, low immunity, chronic gum disease. Vasculitis and occlusion of blood vessels can be associated with other diseases like diabetes, atherosclerosis, and scleroderma. It is seen around 35 years of age. Vessels of hands and feet are commonly affected. Arteries are more affected than veins. Men are seen to have this disease more than children and women.
Clinical presentation
Vessels of hands and feet are commonly affected. Patient presents with tingling in extremities, burning sensation, fingers or toes turn blue and cold, affected part turns pale, loss of sensation. Complaints are worse by exposure to cold or emotional stress. Small painful ulcers, pain in ankles or toes on walking is observed [Intermittent claudication]. It gradually destroys the skin tissue and lead to infections and gangrene.
Investigation
Medical history by the patient and Clinical examination by the doctor helps in diagnosis. Tests to diagnose the disease include plethysmography, doppler ultrasound of the extremity. Blood tests to find the cause of inflammation and occlusion of vessels may be done.
Treatment
Treatment involves supportive care to prevent further infection. Doctor shall advice restriction or avoidance on use of tobacco and smoking, avoiding low temperature places. Increasing circulation by applying warmth. Medications like vasodilators will contribute further to the treatment. Surgery includes removal of nerve to the affected part [sympathectomy] to reduce pain or amputation in advanced cases.
Other Modes of treatment
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating Buerger’s disease. Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Similarly the ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbal medicines and synthetic derivates are also found to be effective in treating Buerger’s disease.
