Causes and risk factors
The most common cause of bulging of eyes is thyroid problem. Low level of thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism) is the main contributing factor. Graves’ disease adds to it. Infection is another common cause. Diseases of the orbits like glaucoma, orbital cellulitis or periorbital cellulitis can predispose one to bulging of eyes. Various cancerous conditions like neurofibromatosis, leukemia, or cancer of the muscles can also cause bulging. Histiocytosis characterized by an abnormal increase in the immune cells is one of the known causes of bulging of eyes. Certain vascular diseases can also cause this condition.
Clinical presentation:
Either unilateral or bilateral affection is seen. The eyes seem to be protruded; they are exposed to the environment more that the normal. Hence complete closure of the eyes is not possible. As the eyes are exposed, dryness occurs. Pain in eyes along with redness and pain in the head are the other complaints seen. Other symptoms as per the underlying causes are also seen.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and the examination carried out by the ophthalmologist. Slit lamp examination is carried out. Certain investigations which are advised first are complete blood count and thyroid levels. Other investigations as per the presenting complaints of the patient can also be advised.
Treatment:
Treating the underlying cause is the main aim of treatment. Medications like corticosteroids are advised to reduce inflammation. In case of infection, antibiotics are prescribed. For lubricating eyes, artificial tears are advised. Surgery to reduce the bulging or covering the eyes is done. Other surgical means or conservative measures are adopted to treat the cause. Wearing sunglasses is must.
Other Modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up the disease. Taking into consideration the symptoms in holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints.
