Causes and risk factors:
Buruli ulcers are caused due to Mycobacterium ulcerans. They are commonly seen in humid and tropical regions. The mechanism of transmission is not fully understood. Rainy season is the favorable period too for the spread of infection. People working in muddy farms are more prone for this condition. A weak immune system too increases the susceptibility for an infection. It is commonly seen in rainy season or in people who work in a muddy environment. Studies have shown that transmission via skin can also occur. This condition is not only seen in human beings, but also in animals.
Clinical presentations:
The complaints begin as a simple skin lesion. Painless nodule is formed. The affected area is swollen and edema is seen. Within a few weeks eventually, this nodule forms an ulcer. The common sites that are affected are the arms and the legs. In 35% of cases, upper extremity is affected, while in 55% of cases, affection of upper extremity is seen. Other parts of the body can also be affected, contributing to 10% of the cases. These ulcers slowly destroy the soft tissue and eventually can lead to bone destruction. Ulceration can lead to irreversible deformity and eventually long-term functional disability can be seen. Secondary bacterial infections are common in this.
Diagnosis and investigations:
The symptoms narrated by the patient and the local examination carried out by the doctor helps in confirming the condition. Polymerase chain reaction is a diagnostic investigation. Along with this, certain other investigations like complete blood count and blood cultures can also be done.
Treatment:
The treatment consists of administration of medication. Antibiotics in combination have been found to be effective. Along with this, removal of the dead skin can also be done. Wherever necessary, correction of the deformity needs to be accomplished.
Other modes of treatment:
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating the pain. Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization and considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints due to Buruli ulcer.
