Causes and risk factors
There are more than 100 types of viruses; however the influenza, rhinovirus and coronovirus are the most common causative factors. Babies are more vulnerable for infection as their immune system is yet not developed fully. The infection spreads through the air, coughing and sneezing creates droplets into the air which spreads the infection. It can also spread through direct contact or through contact with the contaminated surfaces.
Clinical presentation:
The symptoms usually occur 1-2 days after contact with the virus. The infection is more common in winter however affections in summer and rainy season are also common. The cardinal symptom is fever with chills, cough, sore throat, stuffy nose Coryza and sneezing. The child becomes irritable and cranky, the appetite is decreased and the sleep is also disturbed. It can lead to complications like bronchitis, pneumonia, and ear and sinus infection.
Among all the complication pneumonia is more commonly seen.
Investigations:
The diagnosis is confirmed on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the parents and certain physical examination is carried by the doctor. Usually no investigations are required for a common cold. However the pediatrician can advise certain sets of investigations which will aid in the confirmation of the disease. Swabs from patient’s nose or throat or sputum are tested. The other tests include the complete blood count and urine routine.
Treatment:
The infection is self limiting in nature. Rest is important part of treatment. The baby must be adequately feed. Warm liquids and drinks must be given. The baby must be kept warm. Nasal inhalers or steam inhalation are also advised. Anti pyretic medications are advised. Antibiotics are discouraged until complications are suspected.
Other Modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up the disease. Taking into consideration the symptoms in holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints.
