Causes and risk factors
Cysticercosis is caused by ingesting eggs of T. solium. The eggs are found in the contaminated food. The ingested tapeworm eggs hatch and the embryos penetrate the intestinal wall, reaching the bloodstream. There is formation of cysts in different body tissues causing signs and symptoms of cysticercosis. Humans carry the eggs in their intestine and the eggs are passed into the feces by the human reservoir. The pigs swallow the eggs from the contaminated food or water and when the humans eat infected pork, there is infection and the cycle continues. Improper hand washing, lack of sanitary practices after a bowel movement can also spread the infection.
Clinical presentation
In most cases, the worms stay in muscles and do not cause symptoms. The symptoms depend on the part of the body affected. Symptoms include lethargy, headache, weakness, or numbness. There is decreased vision or blindness. Damage to the nerves in the spine causing changes in walking. Nausea, vomiting can occur. Seizures, abnormal heart rhythms are observed. Confusion can occur. Serious form of cysticercosis is known as neurocysticercosis.
Investigation
Medical history by the patient and clinical examination by the doctor helps in diagnosis. Blood tests are done to check the antibodies to the parasite. Biopsy of the affected area is required. CT scan, MRI scan, x-rays are recommended. Spinal tap may be required. Fundoscopy is done.
Treatment
Medical treatment involves antiparasitic medicines to kill the parasites and powerful anti-inflammatory medicines to reduce swelling. In some cases, surgery may be required to remove the infected area.
Other Modes of treatment
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating cysticercosis. Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization and considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Similarly, the Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbal medicines and synthetic derivates is also found to be effective in treating cysticercosis.
