Causes and risk factors
Dacryoadenitis can be caused as a result of bacterial or viral infections; viral infections such as mumps, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes zoster, Mononucleosis, etc. Bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Neisseria gonorrhea; Treponema pallidum, etc., can also cause the disease. Fungal infections, inflammatory disorders, sarcoidosis, Graves’ disease, Sjögren’s syndrome, orbital inflammatory syndrome can lead to dacryoadenitis.
Clinical presentation
Patient presents with swelling of the outer portion of the upper lid, i.e., where the gland is located. There is redness and tenderness of the outer portion of the upper lid. Pain in the area of swelling is experienced. There is excess tearing or discharge. Swelling of lymph nodes in front of the ear and adjacent lymph nodes is seen.
Investigation
Medical history by the patient and clinical examination by the doctor helps in diagnosis. Smear and culture of discharge is done. Blood culture is recommended. Lacrimal biopsy is obtained. CT scan of head may be required.
Treatment
Medications like antibiotics, antiviral, antifungal drugs are prescribed. Anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs may be required. Treatment of the underlying systemic conditions is given.
Other Modes of treatment
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating dacryoadenitis. Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization and considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Similarly, the Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbal medicines and synthetic derivates is also found to be effective in treating dacryoadenitis.
