Causes and risk factors
The exact mechanism and cause about Dercum disease is still not clear. Research is still going on in this field. It is said to be a genetic disorder; however, the gene involved is not known. Certain factors like medications or dysfunction of adipose tissue or changes in adipose metabolism seems to be contributing. Studies have shown that it is one of the autoimmune disorders. Certain other disorders like hypertension, arthritis, heart failure, and sleep disorders also contribute to the same.
Clinical presentation:
Formation of tumors of fatty tissue under the skin is the characteristic feature seen. It is commonly seen on buttocks, upper arm, or legs. Certain other parts of the body can also be affected. The nodule is firm to touch. Pain and tenderness is seen. (Unlike ordinary lipoma), pain is on and off. Burning and aching type of pain is felt. Movement and pressure aggravates the pain. Along with this, other complaints like weakness, tired feeling, and weight gain are seen. Seizure and recurrent epilepsy can occur. In severe cases, affection of mental faculties is also seen. The patient becomes irritable and depression and dementia can occur. Apart from these complaints, it also hampers the cosmetic appearance.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and the physical examination carried out by the dermatologist. Microscopic examination of the lesion is diagnostic. Imaging techniques like MRI or CT scan can also be done.
Treatment:
There is no effective treatment available for this condition. Symptomatic relief of the complaint is done. Pain relieving medications along with corticosteroid injections are done. Surgical excision of the fatty tissue is another way of treatment. Liposuction can also be done.
Other modes of treatment:
Hypnosis, biofeedback, and cognitive behavioral therapy has shown some positive results.
Complications:
Dercum disease usually does not cause any complication.
When to contact a doctor:
Recommendation of an expert in the field of dermatology is advised in case if one notices any new growth on the skin.
System involved: Nervous system, Integumentary system, musculoskeletal system,
Organ involved: Skin, Nerves, bones, muscles,
