Causes and risk factors
An elbow joint is formed by the lower end (distal end) of the humerus in arm and the upper ends (proximal ends) of the radius and ulna in the forearm. Dislocation of elbow is caused due to trauma, sudden fall on an out stretched hand or a blow with a force on the joint is the most common cause of elbow dislocation. Sudden jerk while lifting a heavy object can also lead to dislocations. Obese people are more prone to dislocations. Some people with hereditary tendency of weak ligaments, tendons and musculature are prone to joint injuries resulting in dislocations. Certain metabolic and lifestyle diseases also contribute to weak musculature and dislocations. Children when indulged in a play or activity which is unsupervised or is carried out without any training e.g.: skating can lead to dislocations.
Clinical presentation:
The patient comes up with complain of severe pain in the affected joint. Difficulty in movement or complete immobility often marked with tenderness, swelling and visible bluishness occurs. The joint can be swollen and visible deformity can be seen. Tingling and numbness can also be felt in the surrounding areas. Elbow joint dislocation can lead to complications like injury to the median, radial and ulnar nerve leading to temporary or permanent paralysis of the forearm. Inadequate treatment can lead to poor healing of the soft tissues. Stiffness of the affected elbow and myositis are the other common complications seen.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done of the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and the physical examination is carried out by the orthopedic doctor.X- ray of the elbow joint is the diagnostic investigation. MRI or CT scan can be done to know the extent of injury and involvement of the surrounding structures.
Treatment:
Rest, application of ice packs, compression and elevation are the immediate important measures to be implemented. Pain relieving medicines are advised to allay the pain. Under sedation reduction of the joint is carried out. Following reduction immobilization of the joint for three week is advised. A gradual rehabilitation by physiotherapy is further advised which will help to improve the range and mobility of the joint and strengthen the muscles. Certain yoga exercises can also be helpful in relieving the pain and strengthening the muscles after recovery of the dislocation.
Certain preventive measures needs to be implemented like if indulge in a play or sport supervise the child, recommending wearing of appropriate protective gear and supports during sports, teaching and promoting safety guidelines while driving.
Other modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up the symptom. Yoga exercises can also be helpful in relieving the pain and strengthening the muscles.
