Endometriosis

Causes and risk factors

As the exact cause is still not clear in cases of endometriosis, various theories have been postulated. Genetic factor and immune system dysfunction is one of the causes. Some environmental causes have been put forth. Some studies have shown that certain toxins have an adverse effect on the hormones resulting in endometriosis. Retrograde menstruation is one of the causative factors put forth. In this the menstrual flow moves backwards through the fallopian tube resulting in deposition of the tissue in the pelvic region. Metaplsaia of the tissues is the other possible causative factor put forth. Implantation of the uterine tissue accidentally during surgical intervention on uterus.

Clinical presentation:

Most of the time endometriosis is asymptomatic. Pelvic pain is the characteristic feature of endometriosis. The pain can be dull aching to severe and crampy such that it can hamper the daily routine of the women. Pain can be associated with the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle is disturbed, profuse bleeding or bleeding for many days is seen.Endometroisis can evoke pain during sexual intercourse and also while bowel movement or during urination. Although rare, through blood vessels and lymphatic the endometrial fragments can travel to other parts of the body. Most women often complain of difficulty in conception.Aleterd bowel movement, nausea, vomiting long with bloated feeling in the abdomen is seen.

Endometriosis most commonly affects the ovaries, bowels or tissue lining the pelvis. This can lead to endometrial tissues deposits outside the pelvic region.

Investigations:

Diagnosis is done of the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and the recto vaginal examination carried out by the gynecologist. Laparoscopy for internal visualization of the uterus is the diagnostic investigation. In addition to these Routine blood test, Thyroid function tests, ultrasonography, CA125 and MRI scans can be suggested.

Treatment:

There is no specific cure for endometriosis. The treatment aims at reliving the symptoms. Pain relieving medications and hormonal therapy is started. Surgical intervention aim at removing all the endometriosis and the associated adhesion.Trans abdominal surgery or laparoscopic method can be adopted. In severe cases hysterectomy or oopherectomy or both can be done.

Other Modes of treatment:

Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up the disease. Taking into consideration the symptoms in holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints.

Recent update:

Clinical Assistant Professor, Divya Shah (MD), at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, and her team analyzed the data from Nurses’ Health Study II that Women who have a slim body are at a greater risk of developing endometriosis than women who are obese.