Causes and risk Factors
Infections such as herpes simplex, mycoplasma, parapoxvirus, adenovirus, hepatitis viruses, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], and cytomegalovirus can cause the disease. Medications such as antibiotics, anticonvulsants, aspirin, antituberculoids, and allopurinol can lead to this disease.
Clinical presentation
Symptoms of erythema multiforme depends upon the type of disease you have. It is classified into two types – erythema multiforme minor and erythema multiforme major. Minor includes mild, self-limiting rash caused by infection. Rash may be in the form of a macule, papule, or blister. Rash is raised and looks like hives. Rash is symmetrical and starts from the extremities. Some develop into a target lesion – pink or red border with pale center. Rash subsides in 7-10 days. Erythema multiforme major is a severe and life threatening form. It is caused by allergic reaction to a drug. Rash is comparatively bigger. Blister or painful sores may be present. There are bloodshot eyes. Fever and headache, blurred vision, swollen lips, sores inside mouth, itching of skin, and pain in the joint may occur.
Investigation
Medical history by the patient and clinical examination by the dermatologist helps in diagnosis.
Treatment
No treatment is required for patients since it is a self-limiting disease. If an underlying cause is found, then treatment depends upon the underlying cause. Supportive care is given such as cold compress, antihistamines for the itching, antipyretic, and analgesics. Topical anesthetics [especially for mouth lesions] to ease discomfort that interferes with eating and drinking may be required.
Other Modes of treatment
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating erythema multiforme. Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization and considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Similarly, the Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbal medicines and synthetic derivates is also found to be effective in treating erythema multiforme.
