Causes and risk factors
The exact cause of Ewing sarcoma is not known. It has been stated that there is swapping of DNA between chromosome 11 and 22 which leads to the disease. The disease is not inherited. Genetic changes occur after birth. It usually occurs in white population. Certain environmental and lifestyle factors may act as risk figures in adolescents and adults.
Clinical presentation
Patient complains of pain at the site of tumor. There is swelling or mass seen when the tumor is in arms or legs. Swelling may be soft and warm. Tumor may weaken the bone leading to fracture. Other symptoms due to spread of tumor include fever, weakness, unintentional weight loss, breathlessness due to spread to lungs, and paralysis due to metastasis to the spine.
Investigation
Medical history by the patient and clinical examination by the doctor helps in diagnosis. Tests are required to confirm the diagnosis and check for extent of metastasis. Complete blood count is done. Investigations include x-ray, MRI, CT scan, bone scan, PET scan, etc. Biopsy of the tumor may be required.
Treatment
Treatment involves chemotherapy to shrink and kill cancer cells. Surgery may be required after three months of chemotherapy and radiation therapy to kill the remaining cancer cells.
Other Modes of treatment
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating Ewing sarcoma. Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization and considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Similarly, the Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbal medicines and synthetic derivates is also found to be effective in treating Ewing sarcoma.
