Causative and risk factors
Trauma to the chest is the biggest cause of a fractured rib. The trauma is usually external, as a result of a fall or a blow. These usually cause multiple fractures. Sometimes internal trauma due to severe coughing can also cause a rib to fracture. Having weakened bones as a result of osteoporosis increases the risk of developing a fracture, including that of the ribs.
Clinical presentation
The process of breathing becomes very painful, since the muscles pull onto the ribs. The injured area becomes painful and tender. Other symptoms include anxiety, breathlessness, dizziness and fatigue.
When caused due to an external trauma, a fractured rib may be associated with injured organs or blood vessels. Pneumothorax is a commonly observed associated finding. A common complication of multiple rib fracture is flail chest.
Investigations
The doctor will perform a thorough physical examination. Imaging tests such as X-rays will be performed.
Treatment
Even without treatment, an uncomplicated fractured rib heals in about 1 ½ months. Adequate rest, ice application and pain medications are usually advised. Chest strapping and rib belts are advised in order to immobilize the broken ribs. The patient is essential to breathe deeply at certain intervals. In severe cases of rib fractures, surgical intervention may be necessary.
