Causes and risk factors
Freckles occur due to genetic tendency. Excessive sun exposure – natural or tanning beds can also cause freckles. Freckles may be of 2 types – simple freckles – tan colored, round, small spots. Sunburn freckles – irregular, large spots with jagged edges.
Clinical presentation
Patient presents with presence of flat, tanned circular spots on sun-exposed areas such as face, neck, and shoulders. The color of freckles may range from reddish, yellow, tan, light brown, brown, or black.
Investigation
Medical history by the patient and clinical examination by the dermatologist helps in diagnosis.
Treatment
Sunscreens or sun block lotions are required to prevent further freckling of skin. Bleaching creams help to fade the freckles. Retinoids, i.e., vitamin A preparations are beneficial when applied on the skin consistently. Photofacials or Intense Pulsed Light treatments help to lighten and remove freckles. Chemical peels also help to lighten freckles. Further treatment consist of cryosurgery. Laser treatment will also help in managing freckles.
Other Modes of treatment
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating freckles. Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization and considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Similarly, the Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbal medicines and synthetic derivates are also found to be effective in treating freckles.
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