Causes and risk factors
The exact cause of gender identity disorder is not known. Genetic variations can lead to the condition. Children born with ambiguous genitalia can lead to the disorder. Hormones may be considered responsible for the disease to occur. Mannerism and dressing pattern of opposite sex in childhood can lead to this disorder.
Clinical presentation
Patient expresses desire to be the opposite sex. Children play games/toys of opposite sex. They participate in activities of opposite sex, e.g., girls play manly games while boys like playing with dolls, etc. – they prefer playing with opposite sex. They have strong desire to have genitals of opposite sex in their own body. Person has disgust with his own genitals. Patient has strong belief that they will grow up to become the opposite sex. There is rejection by their peer group. Dressing and behaving in a manner typical of the opposite sex [for example, a female wearing boy’s underwear].Withdrawal from social interaction and activity is seen. Feelings of isolation, depression, and anxiety are common. There is a desire to get rid of his/her own genitals.
Investigation
Medical history by the patient and clinical examination by the psychiatrist or psychologist helps in diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment involves psychological counseling of the child at an early age. It involves psychotherapy. It involves behavioral technique, cognitive behavioral techniques, and psychoanalytical techniques. Medications such as antidepressants or antipsychotic drugs will also help in managing gender identity disorder. Hormonal therapy will contribute further to the treatment.
Other Modes of treatment
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating gender identity disorder.
Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization and considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Similarly, the Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbal medicines and synthetic derivates are also found to be effective in treating gender identity disorder.
