Causes and risk factors
Hashimoto disease is an autoimmune disorder. The white blood cells are the defensive cells of the body. These cells in large number accumulate leading to formation of lymphocytes. These lymphocytes form antibodies which attack the body itself leading to inflammation. This inflammation further hampers the production of the thyroid hormones. There is less production of the thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism).Genetic factor plays a major role. People suffering from other autoimmune diseases are more susceptible for developing hashimoto.
Clinical presentation:
Symptoms appear gradually. A lump or swelling in the neck is seen. It grows gradually. This growth causes compression of the underlying structure, leading to difficulty in swallowing, hoarseness of voice, breathing difficulty. It can evoke cough also. Pain in the neck radiating to ear can be felt. Often symptoms of hypothyroidism are seen. Various other symptoms like sexual dysfunction, irregularities in menstrual cycle in females, altered bowel habit, loss of appetite are seen due to alteration in the hormonal levels.Bodyache, fatigue, tenderness all over the body are the other associated symptoms .Dryness of skin, cold intolerance, thinning of hair, joint pain, depression and other memory problems are seen.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done on the basis of symptoms narrated by the patient and the examination carried out by the doctor. Certain investigations like routine blood test, thyroid function test, and thyroid auto antibody test are diagnosed. Ultrasound scanning of the thyroid gland is suggested.MRI and CT scan also be recommended.
Treatment:
Administration of medication is the only line of treatment of in Hashimoto thyroiditis. Thyroxin is a drug of choice. Use of radioactive iodine to treat the damage cells can also be effective. Surgical intervention can also be utilized. Surgical removal of the thyroid gland can be done.
Other modes of symptoms:
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating hashimoto. Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization and considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints.
Recent update:
Researchers are trying to find out the gene that is responsible for causing hashimoto disease.
