Causes and risk factors
The exact cause of hoarding is unknown. Genetics, stress are probable causes for hoarding.
Clinical presentation
The thought that leads to hoarding is that saving items for their need in future. Clutter and difficulty discarding things is the important first sign of hoarding. people suffering from hoarding have messy houses such as the countertops, sinks, desks, stairways and all other plain surfaces are stacked with stuff. And when there is no more space left inside, the clutter spreads to the garage, vehicles and yard. Hoarding affects emotions, thoughts and behaviour. Patients presenting symptoms are – inability to part with any possession, regardless of its value, excessive possessiveness towards belongings, including discomfort letting others touch or borrow them or distress at the idea of letting them go, keeping stacks of newspapers, magazines, letting food or trash build up to excessive, unsanitary levels, collecting items, such as trash or napkins from a restaurant. Patient has a difficulty managing daily activities because of postponing, difficulty in making decisions, difficulty in organizing items. They show limited or no social interactions.
Investigation
Medical history by the patient and psychological evaluation by the psychiatrist or psychotherapist helps in diagnosis. Hoarding is associated with other psychological disorders like Obsessive compulsive disorder [OCD], depression etc. presence of the above mentioned symptoms will help in diagnosis of the condition.
Treatment
Main treatment consists of Psychotherapy and counselling which involves cognitive behavioural therapy that teaches relaxation techniques to combat the problem. Individual and family therapy may be required. Increasing social involvement and social interaction, spending quality time with family and friends will also help in managing the disease. Further treatment consists of medications such as anti depressants, anti anxiety drugs which contribute further to the treatment.
Other Modes of treatment
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating hoarding. Bach flower therapy is useful in treating such conditions. Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Similarly the ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbal medicines and synthetic derivates are also found to be effective in treating hoarding.
Facts and figures
Hoarding is seen in 2 to 5% of the world population.
